Flying machine



F. D. HEALY FLYING MACHINE Oct. 27, 1931.

Filed Dec. 8. 1 2 3 Sheets-Sheet F. D. HEALY FLYING MACHINE Oct. 27, 1931.

Filed Dec. 8. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 F. D. HEALY FLYING MACHINE Oct. 27, 1931.

Filed Dec. 8, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Oct. 27, 1931 FRANCIS DAVID HZEALY, 01' NEWARK, NEW JERSEY FLYING CHINE Applicationlled December 3, 1828. Serial K0. 314,618.

The invention relates to improvements in flying machines in which the bird principle of flying is appropriated and advanced along lines rather too general for the more fully 5 equipped machine to be called an airplane,

but it might be called a Birdmobile.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a flying machine having two inclined ody sides, inclining from wider apart at the top to closer together toward the bottom, one continuous air-receiving surface from side to side formed b the union of said inclined body sides at the h wings, there being one side wing above each is inclined body side, two rows of propellers, there being one row of propellers extended from each inclined body side to a degree forward; and, as extra equipment for more exacting use of the flying machine, flapping wings, made to flap or hold outstretched according to the various flying movements of the machine, swingin propellers, and a main shaft for driving bot wings and propellers, by indirect attachments. lVithout the extra indirect equipment and to a further degree with the extra indirect equipment, an object of the invention is to appropriate the flapping, turning and swinging movements of the wings of the bird in throw- 3o ing air against the body of the bird when flying. -Much that the bird does with the wings alone can be done with the combined wings, and ropellers of the flyin machine throwing an against the body 0% the mechine.

An object of the invention is to provide a flying machine having a body with one continuous air-receivin surface from side to side rounded or flat 1n full or in part to give 40 the most lift according to the way the air is thrown against it.

With or without the extra indirect e uipment, an object of the invention is to ully utilize the pulling of the machine for the lifting of the machine by the position of pairs ottom, two over-hanging side of forward-pulling propellers throwing air directly against both inclined bod sides and indirectly aglinst both inclined body sides and against th overhanging side wings as air is thrown a ainst air at the same and from opposite sides of the machine by the propellers and by the forward movement of the machine.

With the extra indirect equipment, an object of the invention is to provide vertical ascent and descent by the fla ping of the wings a inst the resistance oft e air thrown indirect y against them by the propellers.

An object of the invention is to synchronize pairs of propellers to man ahead of other pairs of ropellers or not and thus throw air against air according to the advantages of greater pull and greater lift.

With or without the extra indirect equipment, an object of the invention is to give resistance to the propellers by throwing air against air and accordingly to give greaterpull with faster speed.

With or without the extra indirect equipment, an object of the invention is to concentrate pull, lift and power parallel with the length of the machine with the advantage of increasing all three without cumbersome cross rows of motors and propellers.

- With or without the extra indirect equip ment, an object of the invention is to provide a steady flying machine by a pull extended along both sides and by the throwing of air against both sides in place of a balance by cross wings.

And, without the extra indirect equipment, an object of the invention is to provide a very large flying machine for flying to and from distant places as ports prepared for lengthy launching and landing. Such a machine would have many propellers at each side and perhaps a motor outside for driving each propeller; but, as seems best, two long rows of motors inside with direct attachment to propeller shafts extending propellers outward and forward. A floor above the centre might leave an upper compartment or compartments entire y for passengers and this might be made noise proof. A compartment below the floor for crew, motors, etc., might enable a mechanic to start any motor that stalled. Cross planes perhaps as long landing.

as the width of the machine might be raised above the machine or lowered to the top of the machine; and, if a motor stalled toward the front or rear, the opposite motor might be stopped and a cross wing raised to substitute the lift of the pair of (propellers. The same cross wings would ai launching and In the accompanying drawings of the more fully equipped flying machine, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a flying machine showing the outside. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a flying machine showing the inside. Fig. 3 is a half section view of an inner motor wheel and an outer motor wheel. Fig. 4 is a half section View of an inner wing wheel and an outer wing wheel. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a flying machine. Fig. 6 is a view of a bolt catcher showing both ends of same.-

Fig. 7 is a half section view of a turret showing a turret pin.

Inclined sides 10 outline the body-of a compactflying machine advantageous for carrying outside and inside equipment with the remaining inside space left advantageous by carryin passengers, supplies, mail and express. ear door 11 is the entrance and exit when the machine is on the ground. Roof doors 12-are the entrances and exits when the machine is above the ground. A

. railing 13 provides a hand-hold for passengers on the roof. Passenger chairs 14 provide comfortable seats for passengers.

Drivers seat 15 provides an advantageous seat for the driver. Floors 16 support passenger chairs 14. Windows 17 give ample light and view. Axles l8 and wheels 19 provide forv the small movement of the machine on the ground.

'By suitable clutches, motors 21 drive motor shafts 22; motor shafts 22 drive inner motor wheels'23. Inner motor wheels 23 carry' clutches 24, clutch springs 1 and rubberfaced clutch rollers 25 as shown in Fig. 3. Outer motor wheels 26 carry clutch groves 27 and roller groves 28. Inner motor wheels 23 drive outer motor wheels 26 by driving clutches 24 into clutch groves 27. Outer motor wheels 26 drive main shaft wheels 29 and main shaft wheels 29 drive main shaft 30. If a single motor 21 with an inner motor wheel 23 stops or runs slower than main. shaft 30, the outer motor wheel 26 that operates with it does not also stop or run slower, but runs on at the speed of main shaft 30 driven by a main shaft wheel 29. This carries the clutch grove the inner surface of the outer motor wheel 26 on the rubber-faced clutch roller 25, the rubber-faced clutch roller 25 allows the clutch grove 27 to pass the clutch 24 smoothly at each revolution as long as the motor 21 is sto ed or running slower than main shaft 30. hen the motor 21 again runs fast enough, the inner motor wheel 23 catches up to the outer motor wheel 26 driving the clutch 24 into the clutch grove 27 and thus driving or helping to drive main shaft 30. With suitable starting and stopping equipment, single motors 21 can be rested in turn while main shaft 30 runs on driving the wing machinery and the propeller machinery.

Main shaft 30 drives inner wing wheels 31 and inner wing wheels 31 drive outer wing wheels 32 as shown in Fig. 4. By reduced extensions 33 outer wing wheels 32 drive upper wing wheels 34, having hub extensions 2 for attachment to the fuselage. Upper wing wheels 34 drive lower wing drivers 35 and lower wing drivers 35 drive upper wing drivers 36. Upper win drivers 36 drive wing levers 37, supported side rods 38 and equalizing springs 39. fving levers 37 drive wing frames 40 and wings 41 as turned down extensions.

lVings 41 are started or stopped for desired periods by connection or disconnection of inner wing wheels 31 and outer wing wheels 32. Connection blocks 42 are attached to inner wing wheels 31. Requiring suitable holders, connection bolts 43 having bolt draws 44, are attached to outer wing Wheels 32. Connection bolts 43 are thrown before connection blocks 42 for connection and drawn from connection blocks 42 for disconnection. Requiring suitable holders, throwing bar 45 and drawing bar 46 are sprung from lower cross pieces 47. Throwing bar.

drawing bar 46. Throwing pins 50 are 3 mounted u on throwing bar 45; bolt catchers 51, having catcher slots 52, are mounted upon drawing bar 46. Upper cross pieces 53 have cross piece blocks 54 and cross piece groves 55. If connection is made and disconnection is being made, drawing bar 46 springs and bolt draws 44 are thrown into bolt catchers 51 drawing connection bolts 43 by the downward-drawing course of catcher slots 52. Exactly when bolt draws 44 are discharged from the lower ends of catcher slots 52, the lower foremost edges of connection blocks 42 reach the lower edges of the beveled topsof connection bolts 43, connection bolts 43reach cross piece blocks 54 and wings 41 stop for the down stroke. As connection blocks 42 pass over the beveled tops of connection bolts 43, connection bolts 43 are driven into cross piece groves 55 holding wings 41 to the stop and outstretched by outer wing.

wheels 32 and connecting parts. If disconnection is made and connection is being made, throwing bar 45 springs and throwing pins 50 strike the lower ends of connection olts 43 throwing connection bolts 43 above cross piece blocks 54. Instantly outer wing wheels 32, carrying connection bolts 43, are started by equalizing springs 39; and inner wing wheels 31, carrying connection blocks 42, throw connection blocks 42 against connection bolts 43 enforcing the movement of outer wing wheels 32 and thus causing wings 41 to flap by connecting parts.

Other parts are provided for regulated operation of throwing bar'45 and drawing bar 46. Throwing bar lever 56, held by lever holder 57, sets throwing bar 45 when raised with lever notch 58 placed upon the point of lever stanchion 59. Drawing bar lever 60, held by lever holder 57, sets drawing bar 46 when raised with lever notch 61 placed upon the point of lever stanchion 62. Throwing bar 45 has set pin 63 and drawing bar 46 has set pin 64. Releasing bar 65 has set guard 66 and set guard 67. Set guard 66 tops set pin 63 for holding throwing bar 45 set when throwing bar lever 56 is taken down from lever stanchion 59; set guard 67 tops set pin 64 for holding drawing bar 46 set when drawing bar lever 60 is taken down from lever stanchion 62. When either throwin bar 45 or drawing bar 46 is not set, the en s of set guard 66 and set guard 67 are held against the sides of set pin 63 and set pin 64 by releasing bar springs 68; when both throwing bar 45 and drawing bar 46 are set, both set vpin 63 and set pin 64 are topped. When throwing bar 45 is held set by both throwing bar lever 56 and set guard 66, with drawing bar 46 held set only by set guard 67, drawing bar 46 is ready to be released for disconnection; when drawing bar 46 is held set by both drawing bar lever 60 and set uard 67, with throwing bar 45 held set only by set guard 66, throwing bar 45 is ready to be released for connection. Releasing bevels 69, having releasing bevel springs 70, are laced in releasing bar 65. Releasing arms 1, attached to main shaft 30, have rubber-faced arm rollers 72. Releasing carriage 73 has carriage holders 74, ball bearings and carriage lever 76. As releasing carriage 73 moves forward slightly, ball bearings 75, drawn against the lower bevels of releasing bevels 69, force releasing bevels 69 to slide upward through releasing bar 65. This causes rubber-faced arm rollers 72 to strike the upper bevels of releasing bevels 69 throwing releasing bar 65 back slightly and thus releasing throwing bar 45 or drawing bar 46. The positions of' releasing arms 71 on main shaft 30 are such that rubber-faced arm rollers 72 strike the upper bevels of releasing bevels 69 just as connection blocks 42 pass the lowermost point of the revolution. The blow at this time gives throwing pins 50 time to throw connection bolts 43 above cross piece blocks 54 before the return of connection blocks 42 or gives bolt catchers 51 time to get placed to receive bolt draws 44. If releasing bevels 69 are not far enough up as rubber-faced arm rollers 72 pass, the blow may not be hard enough to release throwing bar 45 or drawing bar 46; but, as releasing bevels 69 come far enough up, the blow of the next revolution will do so. If main shaft 30 is running at a high rate of speed when throwin bar 45 or drawing bar 46 is to be released: the suitable clutches that drive motor shafts 22 may be thrown out until throwing bar 45 or drawing bar 46 is released at the resulting lower speed and then thrown in to recover guickly the more forceful operation of the ying machine. Lever cap 77 turns on the end of carriage lever 76. stanchion crank 78 turns in the end of releasing stanchion 79. Releasing bevel springs 70, forcing re-.

. chion'crank 78, the driver can release either throwing bar 45 or drawing bar 46.

Main shaft 30 drives upright propeller shafts 80 by lower beveled gears 81 and 82 respectively. Upright propeller shafts 80 drive inner propellershafts 3 by up r beveled gears 9, 4 and '5 respective y. pright propeller shafts 80 have u right shaft sleeves 84 and 85 respectively an require additional suitable shaft sleeves at both ends within suitable braces attached to the fuselage. Inner propeller shafts 3 have inner shaft sleeves 6. Inner swinging brackets 86 connect upright propeller shafts 80 and inner pro eller shafts 3. 'Outer propellerrshafts 87 s own in Fig. l have outer shaft shoulders 8 shown in Fig. 5 and outer shaft sleeves 83. Outer shaft sleeves 83 have sleeve shoulders 88. The squared ends of inner propeller shafts 3 set into outer shaft shoulders 8 and thus inner propeller shafts 3 drive' outer propeller shafts 87 and propellers 89. Propellers 89 pull outer shaft shoulders 8 against sleeve shoulders 88 on ball bearings while sleeve shoulders 88 push outer shaft sleeves 83 and outer swinging brackets 90 attached to outer shaft sleeves 83. Outer swinging brackets 90 pull the flying machine by the fuselage.

A right carriage 91 and a left carriage 92 are provided to operate for swinging propellers 89. Set into right carriage 91 and into left carriage 92, turrets 93 havin turret holes 94, extend through side openings 95 covered by side opening instant.

to right carriage 91 an to left carriage 92. Turrets 93 are attached to right carriage 91 and to left carriage 92 by turret pins 97 and turn upon the heads ofturret pins 97. Outer propeller shafts 87, within outer shaft sleeves 83, pass through turrets 93. Ri ht carriage 91 and left carriage 92 move rat or far forward and slightly backward carrying turrets 93 as turrets 93 turn and also slide forward or backward around outer shaft sleeves 83 and as outer shaft sleeves 83 swing with outer propeller shafts 87 and propellers 89. Right carriage 91 has carriage bolt 98 and toothed carriage extension 99. Carriage wheel 100, attached. to the fuselage, has toothed wheel extension 101 emmeshed with toothed carriage extension 99 for operating right carriage 91 and left (1'. rriage 92. en carriage bolt 98 is drawn, the turning of carriage wheel 100 moves only right carriage 91; when carriage bolt '98 is thrown, the turning of carriage wheel 100 moves both right carriage 91 and left carriage 92. When right carriage 91 and left carriage 92 are brought to positions equally far forward or backward. propellers 89 are positioned for vertical or horizontal flying without circling or turning; when right carriage 91 and left carriage 92 are brought to positions unequally far forward or backward, propellers 89 are positioned for circling or turning with or without a degree of horizontal flying. By foot sets 192 having foot set springs 103, right carriage 91 and left carriage 92 can be set to the positions given by carriage wheel 199. With carriage bolt 98 thrown,left carriage 92 can be moved to a forward or backward position and set to the position; and then. with carriage bolt 98 drawn dropping eft carriage 92, right carriage 91 can be moved to a diilerei'it position and may beset to the position if the flying effect accompanying the position is to last more than an When left carriage 92 is set to a degree backward and right carriage 91 is moved to an equal degree forward, propellers 89 turn the flying machine to the left without horizontal flying; when left carriage 92 is set to a degree forward and right carriage 91 is moved to an equal degree backward, propellers 89 turn the flying machine to the right without horizontal flying. When left carriage 92 .18 set to any backward position M and right carriage 91 is moved to any position unequally far forward or when left carriage 92 is set to any forward position and rightcarriage 91 is moved to any position unequally far backward, propellers 89 are positioned to give the flying machine some measure of circling or turning with some measure of horizontal flying. lVhen flying forward with right carriage 91 and left carriage 92 set equally far forward for a straightaway course, carriage bolt 98 may be kept covers 96 attached drawn that a turn from the course and back to it may be quickly made; when forward speed is to be quickly checked, carriage bolt 98 may be thrown and propellers 89 swung to pull backward.

Within reach from drivers seat 15, in addition to carriage wheel 100, foot sets 102, carriage bolt 98, stanchion crank 78, throwing bar lever 56 and drawing bar lever 60, a suitable lever attached to suitable equipment for throwing the suitable clutches that connect motors 21 and motor shafts 22 and a suitable lever attached to suitable equipment for regulated feeding of motors 21 are called for. By operating the controlling parts, the driver can fly through busy streets around corners and obstructions, land on roofs or in yards, launch from roofs or yards, stop hovering against doors or windows above the ground and back away.

I claim:

1. In a flying machine, the combination of two inclined body sides inclining from wider apart at the top to closer together toward the bottom, one continuous air-receiving surface from side to side formed by the union of said inclined body sides at the bottom, two over-hanging side wings, there being one side wing above each inclined body side, one horizontal propeller shaft and an opposite mate in like, position extended from each inclined body side to a degree forward, one propeller and an opposite mate in like position extended from each inclined body side to a degree forward on each propeller shaft, thus a pair of forward-pulling propellers having the airthrowing surface of each propeller facing to a degree toward an inclined bod side and to a degree backward, and one suita 1e motor for driving each propeller shaft and propeller.

2. In a flying machine, the combination of two inclined body sides inclining from wider apart at the top to closer together toward the bottom, one continuous air-receiving surface from side to side formed by the union of said inclined body sides at the bottom, two overhanging, side wings, there being one side wing a ove each inclined body side, two or more horizontal propeller shafts, having opposite mates in like positions, extended from each inclined body side to a degree'forward, two or more propellers, having opposite mates in like positions, extended from each v inclined body side to a degree forward on said horizontal propeller shafts, thus a row of forward-pulling propellers at each inclined body side formed by pairs of forwardpulling propellers having the air-throwing surface of each propeller facing to a degreetoward an inclined body side and to a degree backward, one suitable motor for driving each propeller shaft and propeller, and thus two rows of suitablemotors parallel with the length of the fuselage.

3. In a flying machine, the combination of two inclined body sides inclining from wider apart at the top to closer together toward the bottom, one continuous air-receiving surface from side to side formed by the union of said inclined body sides at the bottom, two flapping side wings, there being one flapping side wing above each inclined body side, two rows of horizontal swinging propeller shafts, there being one row of horizontal swinging propeller shafts extended from each inclined body side, two rows of swinging propellers.

there being one propeller on each propeller shaft, and suitable means for driving and operating said flapping side wings, said horizontal swinging propeller shafts and said propellers.

4. In a flying machine, the combination of one row of motors parallel with the length of the fuselage, a main shaft parallel with the length of the fuselage, main shaft wheels rotatablyanounted on said main shaft, outer motor wheels geared to drive said main shaft wheels, inner motor wheels positioned to drive said outer motor wheels and to be driven by said motors. and clutches for connecting and disconnecting said outer motor wheels and said inner motor wheels.

5. In a flying machine, the combination of a main shaft parallel with the length of the fuselage, inner wing wheels attached to rotate upon said main shaft, outer wing wheels positioned around said inner wing wheels, upper wing wheels geared to said outer wing wheels, lower wing drivers with eccentric attachment to said upper wing wheels, upper wing drivers driven by said lower wing drivers, wing levers driven by said upper wing drivers, equalizing springs attached to the fuselage and operating against said wing levers, side rods passing through said wing levers and supporting same, and wings driven by said wing levers.

6. In a flying machine, the combination of inner wing wheels. outer wing wheels positioned around saidinner wing wheels, connection blocks attached to said inner wing wheels, connection bolts attached to said outer wing'wheels. draws attached to said connection bolts, lower cross pieces journaied to the fuselage from side to side, throwing bar springs attached to said lower cross pieces, drawing bar springs attached to said lower cross pieces, upper cross pieces -journaled to the fuselage from side to side, cross piece blocks attached to said upper cross pieces, cross piece'groves in said upper cross pieces, a throwing bar parallel with the length of the fuselage upon said throwing bar springs, throwing pins mounted upon said throwipg bar, a set pin mounted upon said throwing bar, a drawing bar parallel with the'length of the fuselage upon said drawing bar springs, a bolt catcher mounted upon said drawing bar, a catcher slot in said bolt catcher, a set pin mounted upon said drawing bar, a throwing bar lever for setting said throwing bar against said throwing bar springs, and a drawing bar lever for setting said drawing bar against said drawing bar springs.

7. In a flying machine, the combination of a main shaft parallel with the len h of the fuselage, releasing arms attache to said main shaft, a releasing bar, operating laterally, parallel with the length of the fuselage, releasing bar springs attached to the fuselage and o eratin against said releasing bar, set gua'r s exten ing laterally from said releasing bar, releasing bevels passing vthrough said releasing bar vertically for engaging said releasing arms, releasing bevel springs for returning said releasing bevels from engaging said releasing arms, a releasing carriage parallel with the length of the fuselage,

ball bearings mounted upon said releasing carriage and operating against said releasing bevels for raising said releasing bevels to engage said releasing arms by a forward movement of said releasing carria e, a releasing carriage lever for drawing sai releasing carriage forward, a lever cap turning on top of said releasing carriage lever, ar -releasing stanchion, and a stanchion crank turning on top of said releasing stanchion by eccentric attachment for throwing said releasing carriage lever backward and thus drawing said releasing carriage forward.

8. In a flying machine, the combination of a main shaft parallel with the length of the fuselage, upright propeller shafts driven by swinging horizontal propeller shafts, outer swinging horizontal propeller shafts driven by said inner swinging horizontal propeller shafts, shaft shoulders attached to inner ends of said outer swinging horizontal propeller shafts, outer shaft sleeves encasing said outer swinging horizontal propeller shafts, sleeve shoulders attached to inner ends of said outer shaft sleeves meeting said outer shaft shoulders on ball bearings and outer swinging brackets connecting said outer shaft sleeves and the fuselage.

9. In a flying machine, the combination of two inclined body sides inclining from wider apart at the top to closer together toward the bottom, side openings in said inclined body sides, a right turret carriage within extended along the right inclined body side, a left turret carriage within extended along the left inclined bod side, a carriage wheel geared to said rig t turret carriage for operating both said right turret carriage and said left turret carriage, a carriage bolt attached to said right turret carriage for connecting and disconnecting said right turret carriage and said left turret carriage, turrets set into said right turret carria and into said left turret carriage an extended 5 through said side 0 nings swinging horizonta propeller sha passln through said turrets and extended from th inclined body sides, and swinging firopellers on said swinging horizontal pro er shafts.

. In testimon whereof afiixm signature.

' F NCIS DAVID EALY. 

